Search results for "Beta oxidation"
showing 10 items of 44 documents
Exposure to environmental radionuclides is associated with altered metabolic and immunity pathways in a wild rodent
2019
Wildlife inhabiting environments contaminated by radionuclides face putative detrimental effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, with biomarkers such as an increase in DNA damage and/or oxidative stress commonly associated with radiation exposure. To examine the effects of exposure to radiation on gene expression in wildlife, we conducted a de novo RNA sequencing study of liver and spleen tissues from a rodent, the bank vole Myodes glareolus. Bank voles were collected from the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), where animals were exposed to elevated levels of radionuclides, and from uncontaminated areas near Kyiv, Ukraine. Counter to expectations, we did not observe a strong DNA damage resp…
CD4+ T-cell differentiation and function: Unifying glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, polyamines NAD mitochondria
2021
The progression through different steps of T-cell development, activation, and effector function is tightly bound to specific cellular metabolic processes. Previous studies established that T-effector cells have a metabolic bias toward aerobic glycolysis, whereas naive and regulatory T cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation. More recently, the field of immunometabolism has drifted away from the notion that mitochondrial metabolism holds little importance in T-cell activation and function. Of note, T cells possess metabolic promiscuity, which allows them to adapt their nutritional requirements according to the tissue environment. Altogether, the integration of these metabolic pathway…
Circadian and Dopaminergic Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation Pathway Genes in Retina and Photoreceptor Cells.
2016
The energy metabolism of the retina might comply with daily changes in energy demand and is impaired in diabetic retinopathy-one of the most common causes of blindness in Europe and the USA. The aim of this study was to investigate putative adaptation of energy metabolism in healthy and diabetic retina. Hence expression analysis of metabolic pathway genes was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, semi-quantitative western blot and immunohistochemistry. Transcriptional profiling of key enzymes of energy metabolism identified transcripts of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes, i.e. carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α (Cpt-1α) and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (A…
Aerobic growth of Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 using selected naphthenic acids as the sole carbon and energy sources
2018
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are an important group of toxic organic compounds naturally occurring in hydrocarbon deposits. This work shows that Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 cells not only utilize a mixture of eight different NAs (8XNAs) for growth but they are also capable of marked degradation of two model NAs, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHCA) and cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (CPCA) when supplied at concentrations from 50 to 500 mgL−1 . The growth curves of BCP1 on 8XNAs, CHCA, and CPCA showed an initial lag phase not present in growth on glucose, which presumably was related to the toxic effects of NAs on the cell membrane permeability. BCP1 cell adaptation responses that allowed survi…
Resveratrol shifts energy metabolism to increase lipid oxidation in healthy old mice.
2019
Abstract Objectives The objective of this work was to determine the specific mechanisms by which resveratrol inhibits lipogenesis and stimulates lipolysis. Methods Twelve male mice were individually introduced into a metabolic cage for 24 h to measure basal metabolic rate, prior to intervention. They were randomly divided into two groups, resveratrol (RSV) and control (C), and administered resveratrol intraperitoneally or vehicle, respectively, for two consecutive days. After 24 h, the metabolic energy expenditure was again determined for 24 h, before mice were sacrificed. Protein and gene expression of different enzymes related to metabolism in the hepatic tissue, adipose tissue and gastro…
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii treatment improves hepatic health and reduces adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat fed mice
2017
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is considered as one of the most important bacterial indicators of a healthy gut. We studied the effects of oral F. prausnitzii treatment on high-fat fed mice. Compared to the high-fat control mice, F. prausnitzii-treated mice had lower hepatic fat content, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and increased fatty acid oxidation and adiponectin signaling in liver. Hepatic lipidomic analyses revealed decreases in several species of triacylglycerols, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. Adiponectin expression was increased in the visceral adipose tissue, and the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were more insulin sensitive and less infl…
Conjugated linoleic acid isomers in mitochondria
2002
The beneficial effects exerted by low amounts of conjugated linoleic acids (C222222237) suggest that CLA are maximally conserved and raise the question about their mitochondrial oxidizability. Cis-9,trans-11-C18:2 (CLA1) and trans-10,cis-12-C18:2 (CLA2) were compared to cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 (linoleic acid; LA) and cis-9-C16:1 (palmitoleic acid; PA), as substrates for total fatty acid (FA) oxidation and for the enzymatic steps required for the entry of FA into rat liver mitochondria. Oxygen consumption rate was lowest when CLA1 was used as a substrate with that on CLA2 being intermediate between it and the respiration on LA and PA. The order of the radiolabeled FA oxidation rate was PA >> LA >…
AMPK regulates macrophage polarization in adipose tissue inflammation and NASH
2013
Molecular and Translational Medicine, Dept. of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrase 1,55116 Mainz, GermanyCOMMENTARY ON:Hematopoietic AMPK beta1 reduces mouse adipose tissue mac-rophage inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Galic S,Fullerton MD, Schertzer JD, Sikkema S, Marcinko K, Walkley CR,Izon D, Honeyman J, Chen ZP, van Denderen BJ, Kemp BE, Stein-berg GR. J Clin Invest 2011;121(12):4903–15. Copyright 2011.Reprinted with permission of American Society for ClinicalInvestigation.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22080866Abstract: Individuals who are obese are frequently insulin resistant,putting them at increased risk of d…
Chicken adaptive response to low energy diet: main role of the hypothalamic lipid metabolism revealed by a phenotypic and multi-tissue transcriptomic…
2019
AbstractBackgroundProduction conditions of layer chicken can vary in terms of temperature or diet energy content compared to the controlled environment where pure-bred selection is undertaken. The aim of this study was to better understand the long-term effects of a 15%-energy depleted diet on egg-production, energy homeostasis and metabolism via a multi-tissue transcriptomic analysis. Study was designed to compare effects of the nutritional intervention in two layer chicken lines divergently selected for residual feed intake.ResultsChicken adapted to the diet in terms of production by significantly increasing their feed intake and decreasing their body weight and body fat composition, whil…
Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) induces mitochondrial proton leak and increases susceptibility of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) liver to ischaemia…
2008
Background: The mechanisms of progression from fatty liver to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis are not well elucidated. Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a key factor in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as mitochondria are the main cellular site of fatty acid oxidation, ATP synthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Aims: (1) To evaluate the role of the uncoupling protein 2 in controlling mitochondrial proton leak and ROS production in NASH rats and humans; and (2) to assess the acute liver damage induced by ischaemia–reperfusion in rats with NASH. Methods: Mitochondria were extracted from the livers of NASH humans and rats fed a methionine and choline de…